Choosing the Right Sandal Size
Sandal sizing presents unique challenges compared to closed-toe shoes because open designs reveal more of the foot and rely on straps rather than full uppers for fit. A properly sized sandal allows the foot to sit comfortably on the footbed without hanging over the edges or sliding around inside. Toes should not extend past the front edge, and the heel should rest securely in the heel cup without overhanging the back. Strap placement and adjustability significantly affect fit, making sandal selection more variable than standard shoe shopping.
Unlike closed shoes that confine the foot, sandals accommodate natural foot spread and swelling without constriction. This makes them comfortable for warm weather and extended wear, but also means sizing must account for how feet expand throughout the day. Materials matter more in sandals than in shoes because footbeds directly contact bare skin. Leather, cork, and EVA foam all conform differently to foot shape, affecting long-term fit and comfort. Understanding these factors helps select sandals that fit well initially and remain comfortable over time.
History and Standards in Sandal Sizing
Sandals are among the oldest forms of footwear, worn for thousands of years across ancient civilizations. Historical sandals were made-to-measure or tied to adjust fit. Modern sandal sizing emerged with mass production in the 20th century, initially following the same systems as shoes. However, the diversity of sandal designs led to less standardization than in closed footwear. Beach sandals, sport sandals, and dress sandals developed along different lines with varied sizing conventions.
Today sandal sizing loosely follows regional shoe sizing standards like US, UK, and EU systems, but significant variation exists between brands and styles. Some sandals use whole sizes only, while others offer half sizes. Unisex sport sandals often use men's sizing with a conversion chart for women. Designer fashion sandals may use European sizing regardless of market. Premium orthopedic sandal brands like Birkenstock developed proprietary sizing systems that require consultation with brand-specific charts. This lack of universal standards makes trying sandals before purchase important whenever possible.
Common Sandal Types and Their Fit Considerations
Slides are the simplest sandal design, featuring a single wide band across the top of the foot. They offer no adjustability, so proper sizing is critical. The footbed should match foot length closely, and the strap should hold the foot securely without tightness. Slides typically fit roomier than closed shoes, and many people size down for a snugger fit. Flip-flops use a thong post between the first and second toes, requiring the post to sit comfortably without rubbing. The footbed on flip-flops is often flat with minimal arch support.
Sport sandals feature multiple adjustable straps, often with hook-and-loop or buckle closures, allowing customization across a range of foot shapes and volumes. Brands like Teva, Chaco, and Keen offer sport sandals designed for hiking, water activities, and outdoor wear. These sandals should fit snugly when straps are adjusted but not restrict circulation. Dress sandals prioritize aesthetics with delicate straps and often heels, providing less support but suitable for short-term formal wear. Gladiator sandals extend straps up the ankle or calf, adding visual interest but requiring proper calf circumference as well as foot length sizing.
Understanding Footbed Dimensions and Materials
The footbed is the surface the foot rests on, and its dimensions directly affect sandal fit. Footbed length should be slightly longer than foot length, typically a quarter to half inch, allowing toes to rest without extending over the edge. Footbed width varies by brand, with some offering narrow, medium, and wide options. A properly sized footbed allows the foot to sit centered without spilling over the sides or leaving excessive space.
Footbed materials influence both initial fit and how sandals conform over time. Cork footbeds, popularized by Birkenstock, mold to the foot's unique contours with wear, creating a custom fit after a break-in period. EVA foam is lightweight and cushioning but does not mold as distinctly. Leather footbeds provide a classic look and moderate moldability. Rubber and synthetic materials offer durability and water resistance but less conformity. Arch support built into the footbed affects comfort for extended wear, with contoured designs suiting normal to high arches and flat designs working for flat feet or those using custom orthotics.
Strap Placement and Adjustability
Strap configuration determines how sandals secure to the foot. Single-strap slides offer no adjustment and rely entirely on correct sizing. Multi-strap designs distribute pressure and provide stability. Ankle straps prevent forward sliding in heeled sandals and add security for active use. Toe loop or thong straps require proper placement between toes to avoid rubbing and blisters. Back straps or slingbacks cradle the heel and prevent the foot from sliding forward.
Adjustable straps significantly increase fit flexibility. Hook-and-loop closures like Velcro allow infinite micro-adjustments and accommodate foot swelling throughout the day. Buckles provide secure, repeatable adjustments but less fine-tuning. Elastic straps stretch to fit but may lose tension over time. When sizing adjustable sandals, test the full range of adjustment to ensure straps can tighten enough for security and loosen enough to get the sandal on comfortably. Too much strap overlap when tightened or inability to loosen sufficiently indicates incorrect sizing.
How to Measure Feet for Sandal Sizing
Measure foot length by standing barefoot on paper and tracing the outline. Measure from the back of the heel to the tip of the longest toe. Most people's left and right feet differ slightly in size; always fit to the larger foot. Measure at the end of the day when feet are most swollen for the most accurate sizing. Compare foot length in inches or centimeters to the brand's size chart rather than assuming your usual shoe size fits.
Foot width also matters for sandals. Measure the widest part of the foot across the ball, typically just behind the toes. Compare this measurement to width options if available. For sandals with arch support, consider arch height and placement. Stand on the footbed or measure your arch peak location to ensure it aligns with the sandal's built-in support. For gladiator or tall sandals with calf straps, measure calf circumference at the point where straps will hit to ensure adequate room or adjustability.
Sandal Fit and Comfort Factors
Proper sandal fit allows the foot to rest centered on the footbed with toes and heel not extending past edges. A small gap at the heel, typically a quarter inch, is acceptable and allows for foot movement during walking. The ball of the foot should align with the widest part of the footbed. Straps should hold the foot securely without digging into skin or leaving deep marks. For sandals with arch support, the arch should contact the footbed comfortably, neither floating above nor pressing painfully.
Walking around in sandals before purchase reveals fit issues not apparent when standing. Sandals should not flap, slap loudly, or require gripping with toes to stay on. Heels should not lift excessively out of the back. Straps should not rub or create hot spots that indicate future blisters. Break-in periods vary; leather and cork sandals require several wears to soften and mold, while synthetic materials generally fit the same from first wear. If sandals cause pain or significant discomfort initially, they are likely the wrong size or style for your foot shape.
Sizing Differences Between Sandal Brands
Sandal sizing varies significantly between brands even within the same regional system. Birkenstock uses a proprietary sizing system with narrow and regular widths, and their sandals famously require a break-in period. Teva and Chaco sport sandals often fit true to sneaker size but recommend sizing up for thick socks or wider feet. Reef and other beach sandal brands may run large, leading many customers to size down. Designer brands like Stuart Weitzman or Jimmy Choo dress sandals often use European sizing and may fit narrow compared to US athletic brands.
International brands add complexity. Brazilian sandal brands like Havaianas and Melissa often size differently than US brands. Asian sandal brands typically run smaller, sometimes by a full size or more. Always check the specific brand's size chart and read customer reviews noting fit tendencies. Phrases like runs small, runs large, narrow fit, or generous width in reviews provide valuable sizing guidance. When possible, order from retailers with free returns to test fit at home without risk.
Special Considerations for Sandal Selection
Heel height affects sandal fit and comfort. Flat sandals allow the foot to rest naturally, but without cushioning can cause fatigue on hard surfaces. Low heels of one to two inches provide a slight lift without drastically altering posture. Higher heels shift weight forward onto the ball of the foot, requiring secure toe and ankle straps to prevent forward sliding. Platform sandals add height under the entire foot, distributing weight more evenly than traditional heels, but very thick platforms affect stability and require practice walking.
Climate and intended use guide sandal selection. Water sandals need quick-drying materials and drainage, with secure straps for wet conditions. Hiking sandals require rugged outsoles, toe protection, and adjustable fit for uneven terrain. Travel sandals balance packability, versatility, and support for long walking days. Orthopedic sandals with arch support, deep heel cups, and contoured footbeds suit people with foot problems like plantar fasciitis or flat feet. Fashion sandals prioritize aesthetics over support and work best for short-duration wear at events or outings.
Practical Tips for Sandal Shopping
Try sandals on both feet, as most people have one foot slightly larger. Walk around on different surfaces if possible, testing on carpet and hard floors. Adjust straps fully to ensure adequate range. Examine where straps contact skin, checking for rubbing or pressure points. For sandals with arch support, ensure it aligns with your natural arch and feels supportive rather than intrusive. Check that toes have adequate room without excessive space that allows sliding.
Consider socks if you plan to wear sandals with them; sport sandals sized for bare feet may be too tight with socks. Bring or wear the same type of clothing you will pair with sandals to ensure visual proportions work. For online shopping, measure feet carefully and consult size charts. Order multiple sizes if unsure and return those that do not fit. Proper sandal sizing ensures comfort, prevents blisters and foot pain, and allows enjoyment of warm weather and casual activities without the confinement of closed shoes while still providing adequate support and protection.